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Nitrogen: The unreactive gas

One of the most useful gases for freezing food. Discover nitrogen’s properties and applications here.

Nitrogen is unreactive and liquid nitrogen is very cold: -196 Celsius. These properties are vital to a wide range of industrial applications.

Related links:

arrowSolutions of nitrogen
arrowGas school
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Nitrogen - Properties


Symbol:
N

Atomic number:
7

Relative atomic mass:
14

Electronic configuration:
1s2 2s2 2p3

Molecular formula:
N2

Relative molecular mass:
28

Boiling point:
196 °C

Key properties:
Unreactive gas, liquid nitrogen is very cold.

Some major uses:
Freezing food, shrink-fitting metal parts, producing chemicals safely, food packaging, manufacturing ammonia.

Discoverer:
Daniel Rutherford (1772)
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Nitrogen - In the air

The table and pie chart show the amounts of the three main gases in dry air.
Air structure
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Nitrogen - Liquid

Nitrogen is usually stored as a liquid at very low temperatures. One volume of liquid nitrogen gives 651 volumes of gaseous nitrogen at 100,000 Pa and 0,85 °C. It would be dangerous to use liquid nitrogen without taking proper safety precautions like using special gloves, jackets and safety glasses.
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Customer highlight:
Gas puts out silo fires